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COPD Score
Residents of 23168 have exceptional access to healthcare across all dimensions.
Data sources: CMS NPPES, Hospital Compare, ACS 5-Year Estimates. Scores recomputed monthly.
94/100
Healthcare Paradise
Comparisons
How the 94/100 copd score for 23168 is calculated
Demographics, insurance coverage, and social determinants of health
Physician density, specialist availability, and telehealth
Hospital proximity, bed count, ER access, and facility quality
Commute times, public transit access, and vehicle availability
94
Healthcare Paradise · A
36
Limited Access · D
This ZIP scores 58 points higher for copd than its overall health score.
Each condition score reflects access to the specific specialists, screening facilities, and treatment centers relevant to that condition
Each score uses the same E2SFCA spatial access methodology but filtered to condition-relevant providers — the diabetes score weights endocrinologists and diabetes care centers, while the breast cancer score weights mammography facilities and oncologists.
Access to neurologists, memory care, and cognitive health services
Access to rheumatologists, orthopedics, and pain management
Access to pulmonologists, allergists, and respiratory care
Access to mammography, oncologists, and breast cancer treatment
Access to cardiologists, blood pressure management, and heart care
Access to oncologists, thoracic surgeons, and lung cancer screening
Comprehensive healthcare access across all dimensions
Access to urologists, oncologists, and prostate screening
Access to endocrinologists, insulin providers, and diabetes care
Access to diabetes management, nutrition, and primary care
Health insurance coverage and social determinants of health
The Insurance Index reflects the demographic and social determinants of health in 23168. It factors in insurance coverage, poverty rates, age distribution, and population vulnerability to provide a composite view of community health readiness.
Physician density, specialist availability, and telehealth access
The Provider Density metric measures the availability of healthcare professionals near 23168. This includes primary care physicians, specialists, dentists, mental health professionals, and telehealth availability. A higher score means more providers per capita within a reasonable driving distance.
Hospital proximity, bed count, ER access, and facility quality
The Hospital Proximity metric evaluates distance to hospitals, emergency rooms, urgent care centers, and inpatient facilities near 23168. It factors in hospital quality ratings, bed availability, trauma center level, and average travel time to the nearest emergency department.
Commute infrastructure, public transit access, and vehicle availability
The Transit Access metric captures how easily residents can physically reach healthcare facilities. It combines commute patterns, public transit access, vehicle ownership rates, and walk/bike infrastructure to assess transportation barriers to care.
ZIP code 23168 on the map
Health scores for ZIP codes near 23168
Scores can vary dramatically between neighboring ZIP codes. A 20-point difference often means the boundary between having a hospital within 15 minutes versus needing to drive 45 minutes.
| ZIP Code | City | Score | Grade | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23089 | Lanexa, VA | 35 | F | 4.69 mi |
| 23011 | Barhamsville, VA | 31 | F | 4.8 mi |
| 23188 | Williamsburg, VA | 41 | D- | 6.6 mi |
| 23181 | West Point, VA | 24 | F | 8.98 mi |
| 23110 | Mattaponi, VA | 23 | F | 9.51 mi |
| 23156 | Shacklefords, VA | 22 | F | 11.2 mi |
| 23185 | Williamsburg, VA | 44 | D- | 11.79 mi |
| 23140 | Providence Forge, VA | 33 | F | 11.94 mi |
| 23147 | Ruthville, VA | 42 | D- | 12.6 mi |
| 23081 | Jamestown, VA | 82 | B+ | 13.37 mi |
Active physicians sorted by proximity to Toano, Virginia
Showing 15 physicians
View on MapProvider density is one of the strongest predictors of healthcare access. ZIPs with fewer than 1 provider per 1,000 residents are classified as Health Professional Shortage Areas by HRSA.
Hospitals, clinics, and care centers near Virginia
SENTARA WILLIAMSBURG REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
Acute Care Hospitals
6.21 mi away
EMPOWERME REHABILITATION LLC
Healthcare Facility
6.6 mi away
TIDEWATER PHYSICIANS MULTISPECIALTY GROUP PC
Healthcare Facility
6.6 mi away
VELOCITY URGENT CARE LLC
Healthcare Facility
6.6 mi away
VIRGINIA ONCOLOGY ASSOCIATES
Healthcare Facility
6.6 mi away
Healthcare Facility
Healthcare Facility
6.6 mi away
Emergency services access is measured by drive time. The national standard is 30 minutes to the nearest ER. Rural ZIPs often exceed 60 minutes.
Telehealth access and commute patterns affecting healthcare delivery
Telehealth Boost reflects broadband availability and telehealth-capable providers. A higher percentage indicates greater virtual care access, reducing reliance on physical travel.
How transportation barriers affect healthcare access
54/100
Moderate Transportation Vulnerability
Higher scores = more vulnerable to transportation barriers
0.7%
Zero-Vehicle Households
6.21 mi
Nearest Hospital
8,783
Population
Transportation is the #1 non-medical barrier to healthcare access. Patients who lack reliable transportation miss 3x more appointments and have worse outcomes across every chronic condition.
Toano, Virginia
77.9% of the population in 23168 drive to work alone. Approximately 40.5% of residents get to work in less than 30 minutes. The average household size is approximately 2.8 members with about 1.91 cars per household. About 0.7% of households have no vehicle, which can significantly impact access to healthcare facilities.
An estimated 95.6% of residents has some form of health insurance. N/A have public health insurance like Medicare, Medicaid, VA, or TRICARE. About N/A have private health insurance. The uninsured rate of 4.4% is below the national average, suggesting relatively good insurance coverage in this area.
ZIP code 23168 has a total population of 8,783 with a median age of 42. The area is 71.7% White, 16.3% Black, 5.1% Asian, and 4.3% Hispanic or Latino. The male-to-female ratio is 1.01. There are 1,898 residents under 18 and 1,424 residents over 65.
The median household income in 23168 is $128,135. 3.9% of households earn under $25,000 per year. 24.4% earn $200,000 or more. Above-average income levels generally support better healthcare access through ability to afford insurance premiums, copays, and transportation.
There are 3,189 housing units in 23168, with 2,837 owner-occupied and 299 renter-occupied. The median monthly housing cost is $1,590. Approximately 53 units are vacant.
Key demographic data for ZIP code 23168
Population density, median age, and income directly affect healthcare infrastructure. Older, wealthier communities attract more specialists. Younger, lower-income areas often have higher uninsured rates and fewer providers.
Population diversity in ZIP 23168
Healthcare access disparities correlate with racial composition. Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately located in Health Professional Shortage Areas, and Asian communities often face language access barriers. Source: HRSA, Health Workforce Analysis
Median: $128,135
Median household income is the strongest single predictor of health insurance coverage. ZIPs below $35,000 median income have uninsured rates 3–4x higher than ZIPs above $100,000.
47.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher
Education level correlates with health literacy — the ability to understand medical information and navigate the healthcare system. Areas with higher bachelor's degree rates typically have better preventive care utilization.
Community reviews for ZIP 23168
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See how 23168 stacks up against nearby ZIP codes in healthcare access.
The CartoChrome Health Score uses an Enhanced Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (E2SFCA) algorithm combining 21 public data sources across 8 components. Each ZIP code receives a composite 0-100 score based on provider density, facility access, transportation infrastructure, and social determinants of health.
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